The structures that appear as various crystal-like or fibrous outgrowths in the image are carbon nanotubes grown on a silicon wafer. These are typically grown vertically from the substrate and can appear forest-like at high magnifications. Carbon nanotubes are known for their remarkable electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties and are often used in advanced material science applications.

The spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is crucial for the virus’s ability to enter and infect human cells, has been applied to the sample. This preparation is for analysis using mass spectroscopy.

The phrase “lest we forget” is a phrase commonly written on memorials to the victims of war. On these memorials, wraths are sometimes laid, and the image here has the shape and apparent texture of such a wreath. The addition of the spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was responsible for the deaths of millions during the pandemic, turns this image into a kind of memorial wreath for the virus’s victims. It’s also a reminder that scientists need to continue to study the virus and its mutations to prevent or alleviate future outbreaks.

Dr Pong is currently a project scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California.