This photograph of pyramidal neurons at layers 5 and 6 of a mouse’s prefrontal cortex was taken using calcium imaging technology.

The image showcases pyramidal neurons located in layers 5 and 6 of a mouse's prefrontal cortex, captured using calcium imaging technology. Layers 5 and 6 are deeper sections of the cortex, and neurons located in these areas are of particular interest in neuroscience for their roles in processing and transmitting neural signals to other parts of the brain and body.

This technique is significant in neuroscience as it allows researchers to visualise and measure calcium ions within cells, which are key indicators of neuronal activity.

The visually striking bright colours, particularly fiery orange and yellow, represent areas of high calcium concentration, indicating active regions within the neurons. This kind of research is fundamental for understanding the intricate workings of the brain at a cellular level, especially how neurons in critical areas like the prefrontal cortex contribute to higher-order brain functions.

Yau Ming Chang is a neuroscience PhD student at the University of California, San Francisco.